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Fourth, did the bat exposure happen in the cabin, and if so, how could bats have entered the cottage occupied by the boy and his family? Could bats possibly have come into the house on firewood or flown down the metal chimney into the wood stove? Unfortunately, the lack of details precludes drawing definitive conclusions about how the boy’s exposure to a rabid bat had occurred. But another cottage within 1 km of the site was used as a roost by bats, based on the accumulation of droppings under specific roosting sites. Two of us (MBF and ACJ) visited the cottage in December 2000, and careful searching revealed no physical evidence (e.g., droppings) that bats had roosted in the cottage. Third, the victim had a slight abrasion on his upper arm, which in retrospect may have been a bat bite, but apart from this scrape there was no report or clear evidence of a bite. Two bats, identified by the parents as little brown myotis ( Myotis lucifugus), were captured in the cottage by the parents and released outside. Second, the boy and his family had stayed in a rented cottage in a park in Quebec.

First, the two bat species associated with the silver-haired rabies virus variant rarely roost in buildings and thus are expected to have infrequent human contact. This case illustrates four issues presented by bats and rabies. This variant also is known from the tricoloured bat ( Perimyotis subflavus) ( Turgeon et al. In Montreal in 2000, a 9-year-old boy died of rabies caused by the silver-haired bat ( L. (Graphical abstract shows a 4-g elegant myotis biting MBF’s finger-photo by Sherri and Brock Fenton.) Graphical Abstract In general, bats are not dangerous, but humans should seek treatment if they are bitten by one. Too often bats are victimized by allegations of their role in deadly diseases such as rabies, Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The public image of bats is negatively affected by their association with diseases. In Canada, rabies is a disease primarily confined to wildlife (foxes, racoons, skunks, and bats). In Brazil, dog and bat bites together account for >80% of human rabies. In Asia and Africa, most human rabies is acquired from dog bites. With 60 known human deaths from 1950 to 2009, rabies is rare in Canada and the United States of America compared with India where it kills over 100 people annually. People exposed to rabid animals should receive postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). Rabies is usually transmitted by biting, but bats are small mammals so their bites may go unnoticed. Two of at least four bat-specific variants of rabies virus in Canada have killed humans.

Although bats may appear to be asymptomatic carriers of rabies for a few days, eventually they fall ill to the viral infection and die.

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